如何抓取雅思阅读定位词：[1]雅思阅读

1、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第一种也是最常见的一种变身是“同义替换”，这包含同义词或同义词组。

　　剑6，Test4的Q9：KimSchaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds。题目中定位词为moral，在文章中定位，我们会在文章第三段中定位到“Sellingpharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment”，而其中ethical即为moral的同义词。

　　剑4，Test3的Q9：Anystreet child can set up their own small business if given enough support.此判断题中定位词实际上是词组“set up their own smallbusiness ”，在文章中定位，我们会在文章中“Lessonslearned” 的部分中定位到“Being anentrepreneur is not for everyone, not for every street child”。此处，文章中“Being an entrepreneur”即为定位词的同义词组。

　　其他的同义词/词组变身如:

　　perceive →sense evolve →developdetect →find

　　mortal →people unbiased → objective

　　limb → arm or leg waste→ unwantedmaterial

　　resemble → look like dwelling →domestic building

2、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第二种变身是“近义替换”，这包含近义词或近义词组。

　　剑7，Test1的Q8：However,even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the designof instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此题为在原文中选词填空的摘要题，定位词为“calculate”和“seabed”， 在文章中我们会定位到“Before thiswas discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit theprinciple, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”。此处“measure”即为“calculate”的近义词，而“sea”即为“seabed”的上义词。

　　其他的近义词/词组变身如：

　　salary → wage statement → comment

　　be gained from → derive from policy →initiative

　　valuable → important break down →subdivide

3、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第三种变身是“派生词”。

　　剑6，Test3的Q33：Monkeyswere less likely to become diabetic。此题为分类题，定位词为“diabetic”，在文章中定位，我们能定位到句子“…and they have more normalblood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is markedby usually high blood glucose levels)”。题目中定位词“diabetic”为名词，意为“糖尿病患者”，而文章中的“diabetes”也为名词，但意为“糖尿病”，是 “diabetic”的派生词。

　　剑4，Test4的Q14：archaeologyinvolves creativity as well as careful investigative work。 此题为是非无判断题，定位词为“creativity”和“investigative”，在文章中我们能定位到“Archaeology is partly the discoveryof the treasures of the past,…partly the exercise of the creativeimagination…it is investigating the sewers of Roman Britain”。题目中定位词“creativity”为名词，在文章中对应形式“creative”(形容词)为它的派生词，;定位词 “investigative”为形容词，在文章中对应形式“investigate”(动词)为它的派生词。

　　其他的派生词变身如：

　　recover → recovery evolutionary →evolve

　　erosion → erode

4、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第四种变身是“反义词的否定形式”。

　　Sticking Power中的Q15：Whatmakes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detachthemselves easily from a surface。

　　此题属于人名理论配对，题目中定位词为 detach。到文章中去定位，我们会定位到“’There are lots of ways tomake two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide preciseand reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb”，句中attachment实际上为detach的反义词attach的名词形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversible attachment即为detach的反义词(组)的否定形式。

　　其它的反义词否定形式变身如：similar → not unusual

5、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第五种变身是“上义词/词组”。

　　剑6，Test3的Q28：Studiesshow drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此题为是非无判断题，定位词为“drugs”，在文章中定位，我们能在文章第一段定位到“Asresearchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has beenproved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage thatincreases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即为定位词“drugs”的上义词。

　　剑4，Test2的Q8：Youngpeople often reject the established way of life in their community。此题为人名理论配对题，题目中信息量较大，需要根据词组“reject theestablished way of life in their community”来定位，到文章中定位，我们会定位到“Whenthe next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced intothe old traditions”。此处，“the oldtraditions”即为题目中“theestablished way of life in their community”的上义词组。

　　其它的上义词/词组变身如：thenewspaper and television → media

6、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第六种变身是“下义词/词组”。

　　剑5，Test3的Q27：howAI might have a military impact。此题为段落信息配对题，定位词为“military”，在文章中定位，我们会在E段定位到“HNCclaim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used tospot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …”，句中“battlefield”即为“military”的下义词。

　　其它的下义词/词组变身如：military→ weapon / the Second World War

7、★ 雅思定位词在文章中出现的第七种变身是“原词”，即没有变身。这种情况多发生在定位词是专有名词、专业术语或实义名词时。

　　剑7，Test3的Q28：Problemsin Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the EuropeanEconomic Community，此题为是非无判断题，定位词为“Nordiccountries”。在文章中定位，我们能够在第一段定位到“Thoseconfined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering theMediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded”，句中的“Nordic countries”即为定位词原词。