scrapy 中文教程
1、在Item中定义自己要抓取的数据：
2、movie_name就像是字典中的“键”，爬到的数据就像似字典中的“值”。在继承了BaseSpider的类中会用到：
3、然后在spiders目录下编辑Spider.py那个文件
按上面【入门教程】来写就行了，我这边给个例子，跟我上面的item是匹配的：
【入门教程】你没有给出start_requests这个方法，稍后我会讲到这个方法。另外这里的代码我都是截图，后面我会用代码面板显示我的代码，有需要的人可以复制下来玩玩。
4、编辑pipelines.py文件，可以通过它将保存在TutorialItem中的内容写入到数据库或者文件中
下面的代码示例是写到文件（如果要写到数据库中去，这里有个示例代码）中去：
对json模块的方法的注释：dump和dumps（从Python生成JSON），load和loads（解析JSON成Python的数据类型）；dump和dumps的唯一区别是dump会生成一个类文件对象，dumps会生成字符串，同理load和loads分别解析类文件对象和字符串格式的JSON。（注释来于http://www.jb51.net/article/52224.htm ）
5、爬虫开始
上述三个过程后就可以爬虫了，仅需上述三个过程哟，然后在dos中将目录切换到tutorial下输入scrapy crawl douban就可以爬啦：
6、#coding=utf-8
import sys
reload(sys)
#python默认环境编码时ascii
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from tutorial.items import TutorialItem
import re
class DoubanSpider(BaseSpider):
name = "douban"
allowed_domains = ["movie.douban.com"]
start_urls = []
def start_requests(self):
file_object = open('movie_name.txt','r')
try:
url_head = "http://movie.douban.com/subject_search?search_text="
for line in file_object:
self.start_urls.append(url_head + line)
for url in self.start_urls:
yield self.make_requests_from_url(url)
finally:
file_object.close()
#years_object.close()
def parse(self, response):
#open("test.html",'wb').write(response.body)
hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
#movie_name = hxs.select('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/table[1]/tr/td[1]/a/@title').extract()
movie_link = hxs.select('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/table[1]/tr/td[1]/a/@href').extract()
#movie_desc = hxs.select('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/table[1]/tr/td[2]/div/p/text()').extract()
if movie_link:
yield Request(movie_link[0],callback=self.parse_item)
def parse_item(self,response):
hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
movie_name = hxs.select('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[1]/text()').extract()
movie_director = hxs.select('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()').extract()
movie_writer = hxs.select('//*[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()').extract()
#爬取电影详情需要在已有对象中继续爬取
movie_description_paths = hxs.select('//*[@id="link-report"]')
movie_description = []
for movie_description_path in movie_description_paths:
movie_description = movie_description_path.select('.//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()
#提取演员需要从已有的xPath对象中继续爬我要的内容
movie_roles_paths = hxs.select('//*[@id="info"]/span[3]/span[2]')
movie_roles = []
for movie_roles_path in movie_roles_paths:
movie_roles = movie_roles_path.select('.//*[@rel="v:starring"]/text()').extract()
#获取电影详细信息序列
movie_detail = hxs.select('//*[@id="info"]').extract()
item = TutorialItem()
item['movie_name'] = ''.join(movie_name).strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';')
#item['movie_link'] = movie_link[0]
item['movie_director'] = movie_director[0].strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';') if len(movie_director) > 0 else ''
#由于逗号是拿来分割电影所有信息的，所以需要处理逗号;引号也要处理，否则插入数据库会有问题
item['movie_description'] = movie_description[0].strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';') if len(movie_description) > 0 else ''
item['movie_writer'] = ';'.join(movie_writer).strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';')
item['movie_roles'] = ';'.join(movie_roles).strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';')
#item['movie_language'] = movie_language[0].strip() if len(movie_language) > 0 else ''
#item['movie_date'] = ''.join(movie_date).strip()
#item['movie_long'] = ''.join(movie_long).strip()
#电影详情信息字符串
movie_detail_str = ''.join(movie_detail).strip()
#print movie_detail_str
movie_language_str = ".*语言:</span> (.+?)<br><span.*".decode("utf8")
movie_date_str = ".*上映日期:</span> <span property=\"v:initialReleaseDate\" content=\"(\S+?)\">(\S+?)</span>.*".decode("utf8")
movie_long_str = ".*片长:</span> <span property=\"v:runtime\" content=\"(\d+).*".decode("utf8")
pattern_language =re.compile(movie_language_str,re.S)
pattern_date = re.compile(movie_date_str,re.S)
pattern_long = re.compile(movie_long_str,re.S)
movie_language = re.search(pattern_language,movie_detail_str)
movie_date = re.search(pattern_date,movie_detail_str)
movie_long = re.search(pattern_long,movie_detail_str)
item['movie_language'] = ""
if movie_language:
item['movie_language'] = movie_language.group(1).strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';')
#item['movie_detail'] = ''.join(movie_detail).strip()
item['movie_date'] = ""
if movie_date:
item['movie_date'] = movie_date.group(1).strip().replace(',',';').replace('\'','\\\'').replace('\"','\\\"').replace(':',';')
item['movie_long'] = ""
if movie_long:
item['movie_long'] = movie_long.group(1)
yield item
douban_spider.py