磁盘阵列组+备份盘
1、咱们现在来创建一个RAID5磁盘阵列组+备份盘吧，-n 3参数代表创建这个RAID5所需的硬盘个数，-l 5参数代表RAID磁盘阵列的级别，而-x 1参数则代表有1块备份盘，当查看/dev/md0磁盘阵列组的时候就能看到有一块备份盘在等待中了。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 3 -l 5 -x 1 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 20954624K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2
metadatamdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 8 09:20:35 2017
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 8 09:22:22 2017
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : linuxprobe.com:0 (local to host linuxprobe.com)
UUID : 44b1a152:3f1809d3:1d234916:4ac70481
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
4 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 - spare /dev/sde
2、把这块制作的RAID5磁盘阵列组格式化为ext4文件格式后挂载到目录上吧，这样就可以使用啦~
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10477312 blocks
523865 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624
Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "/dev/md0 /RAID ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /RAID
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a
3、最后就是见证奇迹的时刻啦，咱们再次把硬盘设备/dev/sdb移出磁盘阵列组，这样快速看下/dev/md0磁盘阵列组的状态就会发现备份盘已经被自动顶替上去，这是非常实用的，在RAID磁盘阵列组数据安全保证的基础上进一步提高数据可靠性，所以如果您的公司不差钱的话还是再买上一块备份盘以防万一吧。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb
mdadm: set /dev/sdb faulty in /dev/md0
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 8 09:20:35 2017
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3Total Devices : 4Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 8 09:23:51 2017
State : active, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 0% complete
Name : linuxprobe.com:0 (local to host linuxprobe.com)
UUID : 44b1a152:3f1809d3:1d234916:4ac70481
Events : 21
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 64 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sde
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
4 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
0 8 16 - faulty /dev/sdb